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As the largest organ of the body, the skin plays a vital role in preventing infection and excessive water loss. When the skin is damaged by injury, burns or disease, it activates repair mechanisms to restore its protective function. However, in cases of severe injury, the skin may lose its natural ability to heal, resulting in chronic wounds, scarring and loss of function. Wound healing is a complex physiological process, and chronic wounds pose a major challenge to healthcare, leading to significant patient suffering and increased mortality.
The main point of this paper
Key Challenges in Regenerative Engineering:
Designing scaffolds to provide adequate mechanical support and mimic the mechanical properties of natural skin while maintaining structural integrity
Polylactic acid-polyglycolic acid (PLGA):
PLGA is a linear synthetic copolymer with excellent biocompatibility and adjustable biodegradability, approved by the FDA for human clinical applications
The poor mechanical properties of PLGA limit its application in load-bearing tissue engineering, so various reinforcing materials such as bioactive glass and cellulose nanocrystals have been investigated to improve its mechanical properties
Natural spider silk fibers:
Natural spider silk fibers are recognized in the medical field for their excellent biodegradability, biocompatibility and robust mechanical properties
The strength of spider silk fibers is comparable to that of high tensile steel and exceeds the strength of human bone by nearly seven times.
Recombinant spider silk protein eADF4:
Recombinant spider silk protein eADF4 is a genetically engineered spider silk protein with controlled and scaled-up production, tailored mechanical properties, consistent quality and good biocompatibility
The study of eADF4 enhanced PLGA membranes:
In this study, we investigated the potential of eADF4 as a reinforcing agent to enhance the mechanical properties of PLGA membranes, studied the electrospinning properties, mechanical and thermal properties, and evaluated the potential of PLGA membranes for tissue engineering applications
PLGA membranes were evaluated using an in vitro wound model of human keratinocytes to examine their effects on cell viability, wound healing capacity and potential irritation, and IL-8 release was measured.
Properties and Applications of PLGA:
PLGA is a linear synthetic copolymer with good biodegradability and biocompatibility, and is widely used in drug delivery and tissue engineering
Limitations of PLGA:
The lack of mechanical properties of PLGA limits its use in load-bearing applications, especially in bone tissue engineering and arterial vascular tissue engineering
Research on PLGA reinforcements:
Various materials have been investigated as reinforcements for PLGA, including bioactive glass, cellulose nanocrystals, TiO2 nanoparticles, hydroxyapatite microspheres, graphene oxide nanoparticles, etc.
Recombinant silk fibroin (eADF4) as PLGA enhancer:
In this study, we explored the potential of eADF4 as a PLGA enhancer, and PLGA/eADF4 composite membranes were made by electrospinning process
eADF4 enhancement of PLGA:
The addition of eADF4 increased the viscosity of the electrospinning solution and improved the mechanical properties and thermal stability of the composites
Biocompatibility of PLGA/eADF4 composite membranes:
Studies have shown that PLGA membranes reinforced with eADF4 are non-cytotoxic, significantly promote cell migration and wound closure without triggering an inflammatory response, making them ideal candidates for advanced wound healing applications
This study investigated the limitations of PLGA for weight-bearing applications in tissue engineering due to its poor mechanical properties. Concentrations of 0.5, 2.5, 5 and 10 wt% PLGA and recombinant silk fibroin eADF4 were dissolved in HFIP, mixed with 25 wt% PLGA solution and then electrospun. The viscosity of the PLGA/eADF4 solution increased significantly with increasing eADF4 concentration, resulting in coarser fibers during electrospinning. The addition of eADF4 increased the rigidity but decreased the ductility of PLGA. In addition, the addition of eADF4 improved the thermal stability of PLGA, increasing the glass transition temperature and the onset of degradation temperature. the good cytocompatibility of PLGA/eADF4 membranes suggests that they have a promising future for wound healing applications.
