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Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) (Table A1: all acronyms and their explanations) have the advantages of high energy density, long cycle life, and no memory effect, so they have been widely used in portable electronic products, new energy vehicles, civil airplanes, and other fields. In addition, as a new type of energy source, lithium-ion batteries also help alleviate the environmental pollution and energy crisis caused by the depletion of traditional energy sources, and realize the goal of carbon neutrality.
The main point of this paper
Corneal transplantation needs:
Global scarcity of corneal donations and urgent need to develop CEC transplantation methods.
Available transplantation methods:
Direct injection of CECs: requires no additional material and reduces immune response, but not yet widely used clinically.
Carrier-on-carrier transplantation of lamellae: mimics the DMEK procedure, but new carrier materials need to be developed.
Ideal carrier properties:
Thin and flexible for ease of surgical manipulation.
Porous for cell penetration.
Has mechanical properties suitable for surgery.
Transparent, does not interfere with vision.
Electrospinning technology advantages:
Manufacture highly permeable films suitable for tissue engineering.
Used for wound healing, vascular grafts and cardiac tissue engineering.
DMEK Surgical Profile:
Desmidt's membrane and endothelial cells are rolled into a cylinder and injected into the anterior chamber through a small incision.
Electrospinning Carrier Development:
Gelatin solution was used to electrospin into nanofiber membranes that mimic Descemet's membrane.
Gelatin is highly biocompatible and suitable for electrospinning.
Research Objective:
Reduce the use of synthetic polymers and organic solvents to reduce toxicity and immune response.
Exploring the use of electrospun gel nanofiber membranes as CEC graft carriers
Importance of corneal endothelium:
The corneal endothelium consists of dense CECs attached to Desmet's membrane (DM), which is essential for maintaining corneal transparency
Challenges of CEC transplantation:
CEC has limited ability to regenerate in vivo, there is a global shortage of donor corneas, and the development of carriers to culture CEC is a global clinical need
Application of electrospinning technology:
Gelatin nanofiber membranes (gelNF membranes) were successfully fabricated using electrospinning technology and cross-linked with glutaraldehyde (GA) to mimic DM
Properties of gelNF membrane:
The transparency of gelNF membranes was about 80% and the thickness was maintained at 20 μm, which had ideal permeability and degradation properties and was suitable for DM analogs
Cytotoxicity and biocompatibility:
CEC cultured at high density on gelNF membranes showed no cytotoxic effects, and the expression of key CEC functional biomarkers was verified
Application of DMEK surgery:
DMEK surgery was performed on rabbit eyes using gelNF membranes, and the results showed that gelNF membranes are expected to be a suitable carrier for cultured CEC grafts
Advantages of gelNF membrane:
The gelNF membrane has advantages in terms of transparency, permeability, and sufficient mechanical properties required for successful grafting, making it suitable as a carrier for cultured CEC grafts
The aim of this study was to develop a material for transplantation of cultured CECs. We developed a gel nonwoven membrane using electrospinning technology that maintains sufficient thickness, transparency, and permeability for normal corneal function. We also demonstrated that CECs grown on the gel nonwoven membrane expressed functional biomarkers such as ZO-1. In addition, through in vitro studies, we verified that corneal trophoblasts cultured on gelNF membranes have suitable characteristics for transplantation and can successfully adhere to the cornea. Thus, gelNF membranes have the potential to be used as cultured CEC transplantation materials.
