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Electrospinning is an effective method for preparing polymer nanofiber membranes with a wide range of biomedical applications. Their biomedical applications include drug delivery, vascular grafts, wound dressings and tissue engineering In oral biomaterials, electrospun membranes are commonly used in several surgical procedures to promote periodontal tissue regeneration Guided tissue regeneration (GTR) and guided bone regeneration (GBR) are the main surgical procedures for regeneration and repair of periodontal damaged tissues, and they are also effective treatments today.
The main point of this paper
Surgical Approach and Membrane Requirements:
Surgical approaches include the fabrication of mechanical barrier membranes to limit epithelial and connective tissue development and to promote periodontal tissue regeneration. These membranes must have good resistance to stretching and tearing for surgical handling, and require optimal hydrophilicity to promote cell adhesion and aggregation, as well as a high degree of porosity to allow the flow of nutrients, oxygen, and bioactive substances
Advantages of electrospinning nanofiber membranes:
Nanofiber membranes prepared by electrospinning are considered highly suitable for periodontal barrier membranes due to their small pore size, high surface-to-volume ratio, and low cost of fabrication
Importance of material selection:
Material selection is critical for the construction of tissue scaffolds that mimic the chemical, mechanical, and structural properties of the extracellular matrix
Application of natural vs. synthetic polymers:
Natural polymers such as gelatin have good cytocompatibility but are difficult to process and lack strength. Synthetic polymers such as polylactic acid (PLA) and polycaprolactone (PCL) are superior to natural polymers in terms of mechanical properties and spinnability.
Properties of PCL and PLA:
PCL and PLA are aliphatic bio-based polymers with good biocompatibility, low toxicity and biodegradability.PLA has high modulus of elasticity but low elongation while PCL has high elongation and low modulus of elasticity.
Challenges of composites:
Preparation of nanofibrous membranes with desired properties remains a challenge, especially in dissolving multiple biomaterials simultaneously in a solvent and obtaining stable mixed solutions
Side-by-side electrospinning technology:
Side-by-side electrospinning is a type of two-fluid electrostatic spinning that allows for the fabrication of fibrous membranes with biphasic composite structures, which has the unique advantage of providing complementary materials with different properties
Material Limitations:
It is difficult to meet the requirements of periodontal barrier membranes with a single material, and the miscibility between different materials affects the quality of composite Nanofiber Membrane.
Material Preparation:
In this study, Nanofiber Membrane composed of polylactic acid (PLA) and polycaprolactone (PCL) was prepared by electrospinning, and different concentrations of gelatin were added to improve hydrophilicity.
Performance studies:
The morphological structure, composition, wettability and mechanical properties of the different films were investigated.
Results Analysis:
The addition of appropriate amount of gelatin improved the hydrophilicity of PCL/PLA dual-fiber composite films while maintaining sufficient mechanical strength.
Cell viability assessment:
The viability of L929 fibroblasts was assessed using the CCK-8 method, which showed that the fiber membrane was not toxic to the cells.
Cell adhesion:
Cell adhesion to the scaffolds was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy and immunofluorescence, and the addition of gelatin improved cell adhesion to the fibrous membrane.
In this study, polylactic acid-gel/polylactic acid-gel bifibrous membranes containing different concentrations of gels were successfully prepared using the electrospinning technique. The key to preparing composite fibers using the single-needle electrospinning technique is the creation of a stable solution and the compatibility of the selected materials. However, the advantage of the side-by-side electrospinning technique is that the different materials can be dissolved in their respective solvents to form their respective fibers, which ultimately results in CFMs with complementary properties
