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The process of wound healing is complex and multi-stage, including hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation and maturation. However, it may stop at the inflammatory or proliferative stage, transforming a normal wound into a chronic one, which may cause discomfort to the patient. Wound healing efficiency is of interest, in preventing complications such as amputation in patients with diabetic foot ulcers and in stopping the progression of acute wounds to chronic wounds. During the inflammatory and proliferative phases, fibroblasts are recruited to the wound site, guided by factors produced by macrophages and other immune cells and physical cues from the extracellular matrix (ECM). Therefore, the migration of fibroblasts to the wound site is considered to be an important factor in ensuring a smooth wound healing process to improve the efficiency of wound healing, especially during the transition from the inflammatory to the proliferative phase.
The main point of this paper
Advantages of electrospinning technology:
Electrospinning is a cost-effective method to fabricate micron and Nanofiber Membrane that mimics natural skin ECM.
Potential Applications:
Electrospinning membranes have potential applications in wound healing therapies, including drug delivery, promoting cellular secretion, and guiding cellular behavior.
Silk Fiber (SF) Applications:
Silk fibers (SF) have been investigated for use in many forms of therapeutic wound dressings, including hydrogels, sponges, and films.
Challenges of fiber alignment:
Aligned micro Nanofiber Membranes prepared by conventional electrospinning methods are thin and mechanically unstable, limiting their use in biomedical applications.
Novel array electrostatic spinning collector:
In this study, a novel array electrospinning collector was developed to precisely control the fiber orientation distribution and efficiently prepare ordered and disordered SF fiber membranes.
Patterned SF membrane materials:
Compared with conventional single-row Nanofiber Membrane, the new patterned membrane has better mechanical properties and highly aligned fiber orientation
Novel Collector Design:
A novel array electrospinning collector was designed to generate ordered and disordered regenerated silk fibers (SF) membranes.
Precise control of fiber orientation:
The orientation of SF fibers was precisely controlled using electrostatic forces to generate membranes containing layers of aligned and randomly arranged fibers.
Membrane Characterization:
The membranes prepared by the new method have excellent stability and improved mechanical properties that can be achieved by collector expansion.
Wound Healing Efficiency:
The potential of these membranes to improve wound healing efficiency was investigated.
Biocompatibility validation:
The biocompatibility of SF membranes was confirmed by in vitro toxicity experiments with AD-MSCs and NHDFs.
Cell migration effects:
The effects of different conditioned media and material structural cues for cell production on the migration of NHDFs were explored.
Paracrine effects:
The influence of the nanofiber microenvironment on the paracrine effect of AD-MSCs and NHDFs was investigated, as well as how to enhance the chemotaxis of NHDFs migration.
Efficacy of ordered membranes:
Ordered membranes showed significant effectiveness in guiding directional cell migration.
In this study, an array electrospinning collector was innovatively designed for the preparation of electrostatically spun patterned SF membranes consisting of aligned and randomly aligned electrospinning fibers. This unique electrospinning process allowed precise control of the orientation distribution of SF fibers by electrostatic manipulation, resulting in the integration of aligned and random fiber layers. In addition, by configuring the arrangement of the electrostatic spinning traps, the size of the fiber membranes was enlarged and the mechanical properties of the aligned membranes were improved. The obtained membranes showed an alternating pattern structure with regions of disordered and ordered fiber distribution. This structure generated large-area membranes with excellent stability, prompting further exploration of the effect of SF fiber membrane topology on cell behavior and its potential application as a wound repair material
