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With the rapid development of chemical industry and polymer materials, nanofibers have broken the limitations of traditional clothing and home textiles with their excellent thermal stability, mechanical properties, electronic transport and conductivity, and have been widely used in high-tech fields such as medical care, environment, and energy. The outstanding advantage of electrospinning technology over template synthesis (low fiber continuity and difficulty in batch production), melt blowing (weak fiber mechanical properties), phase separation (poor process operability and long preparation cycle) is that the obtained nanofiber membrane can be prepared and regulated by multiple technologies at the same time, and has great potential in many fields. Natural polysaccharides made of aldose or ketose linked by glycosidic bonds are particularly interesting materials due to their high molecular weight, monosaccharide composition, branching properties and modification characteristics. Renewable, biodegradable and non-toxic polysaccharides such as starch, chitosan (CS) and cellulose are used to prepare porous nanofiber membranes and are applied in the fields of medicine, packaging, sensory, etc., becoming the new favorite of electrospinning technology with a safe, modern, green and sustainable development plan. At the same time, polysaccharides have multiple biological activities, such as immunomodulation, anti-tumor, regulation of intestinal flora, anti-oxidation, etc. These activities are closely related to several functional groups (hydroxyl, amino, carboxyl) contained in the polysaccharide structure.
The main point of this paper
Advantages of polysaccharides:
Polysaccharides show great potential in the field of nanomedicine due to their large quantity, low cost, non-toxicity, stability, strong water solubility and rich biological activity.
Electrospinning technology:
Electrospinning is an efficient method for producing polysaccharide-based nanofibers, which can prepare micron- and nano-scale fibers with specific physical properties and biological activities.
MOFs-enhanced polysaccharide nanofibers:
The metal organic framework (MOFs) is combined with polysaccharides (such as chitosan/polyvinyl alcohol) to prepare composite films that show high specific surface area, porosity and adjustability, as well as excellent antibacterial efficiency.
Application in the field of flexible sensing:
Electrospinning polysaccharide-based nanofibers shows its unique advantages in the field of flexible sensing, especially in the development of high-performance flexible stretch sensors.
All-nanofiber ionic tactile sensor:
Using the elastic properties of thermoplastic polyurethane (PU), an all-nanofiber ionic tactile sensor with good breathability and sweat resistance was developed for monitoring knee joint movement.
Impact of electrospinning technology:
Electrospinning technology has attracted widespread attention in multiple research fields due to its ability to continuously produce nanofibers with large specific surface area and high porosity.
Application of polysaccharide nanofiber membranes:
Combined with the degradability and biocompatibility of polysaccharides, electrospun polysaccharide nanofiber membranes have gradually penetrated into the fields of air and water pollution filtration, wound treatment, food preservation, electronic equipment monitoring, etc., improving people's quality of life.
Latest research on polysaccharide-based nanofibers:
The review focuses on the latest research progress of polysaccharide-based nanofibers such as starch, chitosan, and cellulose in the fields of medicine, environment, food science, and electronics.
Technical evaluation:
The article comprehensively evaluates electrospinning technology, including its advantages (such as high production efficiency, fiber uniformity) and disadvantages (such as cost, environmental impact).
This paper provides a detailed summary and evaluation of the wide application of polysaccharide-based nanofibrous membranes prepared by electrospinning in various fields. The controllability of nanofibers has been achieved, providing precise guidance for the multi-directional and multifunctional utilization of nanomaterials. According to the theory proposed in this paper, electrospinning technology will move forward and be combined with disciplines such as polymer chemistry, electricity, and medicine to construct a variety of functional polysaccharide nanomaterials and realize their application in many fields.
However, despite the impressive progress in the manufacture of electrospun nanofibers, there are still many defects that need to be fixed to accelerate the transition from laboratory to industry and then to life. This paper reviews the current research status of electrospinning technology and electrospun polysaccharides, and puts forward some reasonable hypotheses to help the discovery and application of electrospun nanomaterials in the future.
1. The weak mechanical stability and low yield of electrospinning will cause certain environmental and energy problems. Researching or implementing new technologies to create unique and durable materials is the key to increasing the yield of electrospun nanofibers.
2. The properties of electrospun nanofibrous membranes, especially the mechanical properties of nanofibers, are restricted by the inherent structural characteristics of polysaccharides, and it may be wise to modify the polysaccharides appropriately.
3. Since some polysaccharides used for electrospinning, such as galactomannan, hyaluronic acid and PUL, have low natural yields, it is necessary to expand the selection range of electrospun polysaccharides as future nanomaterials.
4. Uniaxial blending electrospinning is currently the main method for nanofiber membrane research, and needle-free and multi-needle methods need to be further developed. Electrospinning polysaccharides can expand the functions and potential markets of polysaccharide membrane products, especially in the energy field.
