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Recently, Associate Professors Liu Tianxi and Wang Zicheng from Jiangnan University have prepared a switchable and low reflectivity EMI shielding composite material by electroless nickel plating on the surface of polyurethane nonwoven fabric (Ni@TPU) Then combined with liquid metal (LM) mesh. Ni@TPU /LM grid effectively promotes the rational construction of layered impedance matching. Their research is titled "Stretchable liquid metal grid/metalized polyurethane composites with switchable electromagnetic interference shielding and efficient infrared steam performance" and was published in the Chemical Engineering Journal (IF 13.3).
Low reflectivity electromagnetic interference shielding performance: A hierarchical impedance matching structure is constructed through the synergistic effect of Ni@TPU and liquid metal grid, which promotes the absorption and multiple scattering of electromagnetic waves, and achieves low reflectivity (R=0.4) and high electromagnetic interference shielding performance (24 dB).
Switchable electromagnetic interference shielding: By stretching the composite material (0% to 60% strain), the electromagnetic interference shielding state ("on" state, 24 dB) and the electromagnetic interference transmission state ("off" state, 14 dB) can be freely switched, which is suitable for intelligent communication devices.
Infrared stealth function: The low infrared emissivity of liquid metal and nickel and the thermal insulation performance of polyurethane enable the material to exhibit excellent infrared stealth performance at different temperatures (50°C, 100°C and 150°C), which is suitable for camouflage and thermal radiation shielding.
Multifunctional application scenarios: The material can be used as a window for camouflage containers to achieve electromagnetic wave shielding and communication switching while maintaining infrared stealth performance, which is suitable for practical applications in the military and information encryption fields.
A layer of nanofibers was prepared on the surface of polyurethane nonwoven fabric (Ni@TPU) using electrospinning technology. This layer of nanofibers can enhance the overall performance of the composite material, such as improving its mechanical strength and flexibility.
The nanofiber layer prepared by electrospinning technology can be combined with liquid metal mesh (LM) to form a more uniform and dense electromagnetic shielding layer, thereby improving the electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding effectiveness of the material.
Through electrospinning technology, a variety of functional nanofibers, such as conductive fibers, thermal insulation fibers, etc., can be integrated on polyurethane nonwoven fabrics to achieve more complex functional integration, such as electromagnetic shielding and infrared stealth performance.
This paper successfully prepared a composite material with switchable electromagnetic interference shielding and efficient infrared stealth performance, which was applied to thermoplastic polyurethane nonwoven fabric (Ni@TPU), and a hierarchical impedance matching structure was constructed by electroplating the nickel surface and combining the liquid metal (LM) mesh. The material exhibits excellent EMI shielding performance (about 24 dB) and low reflectivity (R=0.4) in the 5G frequency band, and can be easily switched from shielding state to transmission state by stretching.
At the same time, its low infrared emissivity and excellent thermal insulation properties give it excellent infrared stealth performance. The mechanical flexibility and long-term stability of the material further expand its application potential, and it can be widely used in intelligent communications, military camouflage, thermal radiation shielding and other fields. This study provides new design ideas and technical support for the development of intelligent and multifunctional EMI shielding materials.
Electrospinning Nanofibers Article Source:
www.elsevier.com/locate/cej
