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Silk fibroin (SF) is a protein-based biomacromolecule with excellent biocompatibility, biodegradability, and low immunogenicity. SF-based nanoparticles have received extensive attention for drug delivery, which is attributed to their high binding capacity for various drugs, controlled drug release properties, and mild preparation conditions. Modified or recombinant SF-based nanoparticles can be designed by adjusting the particle size, chemical structure, and properties to improve the therapeutic efficiency of encapsulated drugs in these nanoparticles. Therefore, they can be used to deliver small molecule drugs (e.g., anticancer drugs), protein and growth factor drugs, gene drugs, etc. This article reviews the latest progress of SF-based nanoparticles, including chemical structure, properties, and preparation methods. In addition, the application of SF-based nanoparticles as therapeutic drug carriers is reviewed.
Silk fibroin nanoparticles have excellent biocompatibility, biodegradability, and low immunogenicity, which allows them to safely interact with human tissues in drug delivery systems and reduce the occurrence of immune rejection and side effects.
Silk protein has a high binding capacity for various drugs and can effectively encapsulate small molecule drugs, protein and growth factor drugs, gene drugs, etc., to achieve efficient drug delivery.
By adjusting the particle size, chemical structure and properties of silk protein nanoparticles, the drug release rate can be precisely controlled to meet the needs of different drug delivery.
Electrospinning technology is an efficient method for preparing nanofibers, which can be used to prepare silk protein nanofibers. By adjusting the concentration, viscosity, electric field strength and other parameters of the spinning solution, the diameter and morphology of the nanofibers can be precisely controlled, thereby affecting the performance of the nanoparticles.
Silk protein nanofibers prepared by electrospinning technology can be further post-processed (such as heat treatment, chemical cross-linking, etc.) to form nanoparticles, or composited with other materials to construct nanocomposites with specific functions.
The high precision and controllability of electrospinning equipment give it a unique advantage in the preparation of silk protein nanoparticles with specific structures and properties, which helps to improve the stability and effectiveness of drug delivery systems.
Silk fibroin nanoparticles can achieve targeted drug delivery. Through surface modification or combination with other targeting molecules, the concentration of drugs in specific cells or tissues can be increased, and the distribution in normal tissues can be reduced, thereby improving the therapeutic effect and reducing side effects.
In cancer treatment, silk fibroin nanoparticles can be used as carriers of anticancer drugs to achieve sustained and continuous release of drugs, prolong the duration of drug action in tumor sites, and improve anticancer effects.
Silk fibroin nanoparticles can also be used to promote tissue regeneration and as a vaccine delivery system, showing a wide range of application prospects in the field of biomedicine.
Future research can further explore the combination of electrospinning technology with other nanoparticle preparation technologies (such as solvent replacement method, electrospray technology, etc.) to develop silk fibroin nanoparticles with better performance.
Using the high precision and controllability of electrospinning equipment, the relationship between the structure and performance of silk fibroin nanoparticles is studied, the design of nanoparticles is optimized, and the drug delivery efficiency and biocompatibility are improved.
Combined with genetic engineering and surface chemical modification, electrospinning technology is used to prepare silk fibroin nanoparticles with specific functions, enhance their targeting ability and controllability of drug release, and realize the development of personalized drug delivery systems.
In summary, silk fibroin nanoparticles have important application value in the field of drug delivery, and electrospinning equipment provides strong technical support for their preparation. Through continuous research and technological progress, silk fibroin nanoparticles are expected to become an important drug delivery platform in the future and make greater contributions to the development of the biomedical field.
Electrospinning Nanofibers Article Source:
https://doi.org110.3390/ijms16034880
