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Piezoelectric materials, which convert mechanical stress into electrical signals, are widely used in sensors and energy-harvesting devices. Traditional piezoelectric materials like ceramics often lose their properties at high temperatures, limiting their applications in extreme environments. High-temperature-resistant piezoelectric polymers are crucial for industries such as aerospace, automotive, and oil and gas, where reliable performance under extreme conditions is necessary. Previous research has focused on improving the thermal stability of existing piezoelectric polymers like PVDF and PAN. Techniques such as the use of an electrospinning machine to create nanofibers structures have shown promise in enhancing material performance. However, developing new high-temperature-resistant piezoelectric polymers remains a significant challenge.
This study investigates the piezoelectric properties of electrospun polyimide (PI) nanofibers and enhances their performance by incorporating a fluorine-containing unit (6FDA). The resulting fluorinated polyimide (FPI) nanofibers exhibit excellent thermal stability, with a decomposition temperature above 550°C and a glass transition temperature (Tg) of around 260°C. The FPI-based sensor generates stable piezoelectric outputs of up to 10V, with a sensitivity of 478.72 mV/N and response/recovery times of 15 ms. The sensor remains stable after 10,000 cycles and shows superhydrophobic properties with a water contact angle of 139.6°. These findings suggest that FPI nanofibers could be a promising material for flexible, wearable sensors in extreme environments.
Schematic diagram of preparation and application of a flexible nano-piezoelectric sensor. (a) Preparation of a flexible sensor by electrospinning. (b) The reaction principle of synthesizing FPI. (c) Testing of wearable applications.
The study explores the development and characterization of fluorine-containing polyimide (FPI) nanofibers prepared via electrospinning machine. The introduction of fluorine atoms enhances the piezoelectric properties of the nanofibers by increasing molecular polarization. The FPI nanofibers exhibit excellent thermal stability, with a thermal decomposition temperature above 550°C and a Tg of around 260°C. The piezoelectric sensor made from these nanofibers generates stable outputs of up to 10V under external excitation, with a sensitivity of 478.72 mV/N. The sensor also demonstrates fast response and recovery times (15 ms) and remains stable after 10,000 cycles. Additionally, the nanofibers show superhydrophobic properties, with a water contact angle of 139.59°, making them suitable for use in complex environments. The results indicate that FPI nanofibers have significant potential for applications in wearable and flexible electronic devices.
Characteristics of the PI nanofiber membrane. (a) Tensile test of different FPI nanofiber films. (b) and (c) Tensile strength and modulus of different FPI nanofiber membranes. (d) DSC curves of different FPI nanofiber membranes. (e) and (f) TG and DTG curves of nanofiber membranes. (g) and (h) The photograph shows the optical appearance and flexibility of the nanofiber film. (i) Water contact angle of different FPI nanofiber membranes.
This research successfully demonstrates the piezoelectric properties of fluorinated polyimide (FPI) nanofibers and their potential for high-temperature applications using an electrospinning machine. The FPI nanofibers exhibit remarkable thermal stability, enhanced piezoelectric performance, and superhydrophobic properties. These characteristics make them a promising candidate for developing high-temperature-resistant, flexible sensors and energy-harvesting devices for use in extreme environments. The findings lay the foundation for further advancements in wearable and flexible electronics that can operate reliably under harsh conditions.
Electrospinning Nanofibers Article Source:
DOI: 10.1039/D4TC03656E
