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Electrospinning is a technology that uses high voltage to stretch polymer solutions or melts into ultrafine fibers, and can produce nanofibers with diameters ranging from a few nanometers to a few microns. Its core principle is to apply high voltage to form a charged jet from the polymer solution, which is stretched under the action of the electric field and solidified into fibers on the collector.
Silk fibroin (SF), as a natural polymer material, has become one of the ideal materials for electrospinning due to its excellent biocompatibility, biodegradability and mechanical properties. Through electrospinning technology, silk fibroin can be processed into nanofiber mats, films or other complex structures, and is widely used in the biomedical field.
Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine: Silk fibroin nanofiber mats prepared by electrospinning can be used to construct tissue engineering scaffolds. Their high specific surface area and porous structure can simulate the extracellular matrix and promote cell adhesion, proliferation and differentiation. For example, the mechanical properties and crystallinity of silk fibroin fibers can be further optimized through post-treatment processes (such as ethanol stretching).
Drug delivery: Silk fibroin nanofibers can be used as drug carriers to encapsulate drugs inside the fibers through electrospinning to achieve sustained release and targeted delivery of drugs. Its high specific surface area and adjustable porosity contribute to the uniform distribution and release of drugs.
Self-powered devices: Silk fibroin fibers can also be used to make piezoelectric generators. For example, silk fibroin fiber mats prepared by electrospinning combined with post-treatment processes can be used to construct high-performance piezoelectric nanogenerators for self-powered applications such as human motion monitoring.
Material diversity: Electrospinning can process a variety of natural and synthetic polymers, including silk fibroin, polylactic acid-co-glycolic acid (PLGA), etc.
Fiber structure regulation: By adjusting process parameters (such as voltage, solution concentration, collector type), the diameter, morphology and arrangement of the fibers can be precisely controlled.
Functionalization capability: Drugs, bioactive molecules or nanoparticles can be introduced during the electrospinning process to give the fiber more functions
Interdisciplinary cooperation: Combine materials science, bioengineering and medicine to develop more high-performance silk protein-based biomaterials.
Development of new structures: Use electrospinning technology to prepare more complex fiber structures, such as core-shell structure fibers (Coaxial Electrospinning) or composite fibers to meet specific application requirements.
Environmentally friendly process: Develop solvent-free melt electrospinning technology to reduce the impact on the environment.
In summary, electrospinning technology provides a broad space for the application of silk protein, especially in the biomedical field. Through process optimization and interdisciplinary cooperation, silk protein-based materials are expected to play a greater role in tissue engineering, drug delivery and self-powered devices.
Electrospinning Nanofibers Article Source:
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41570-023-00486-x
