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With the development of the economy, the problem of air pollution has become increasingly severe. Indoor air pollution is even more harmful because people spend a significant amount of time indoors. Harmful pollutants such as particulate matter and microorganisms pose a serious threat to human health. Traditional air filtration materials have single - function properties and have difficulty adsorbing microorganisms in the air. Therefore, it is of great significance to prepare filtration materials with antibacterial functions. Micro/nano fibers have excellent properties such as small pore size, large specific surface area, and high mechanical strength, showing broad application prospects in the field of filtration. Centrifugal spinning and electrospinning are commonly used preparation methods. Among nanomaterials, nanosilver and titanium dioxide have antibacterial properties. The preparation of Ag/TiO 2 nanoparticles by combining the two can enhance the antibacterial performance. In addition, PS is easy to process and shape with a low cost, and CA is non - toxic, harmless, and biodegradable. The combination of the two can be used to prepare biocompatible fiber materials. This study aims to prepare a bilayer membrane with high - efficiency filtration and antibacterial properties to address the issue of single - function traditional air filtration materials.
Particulate matter (PM) and airborne bacteria pose serious threats to the environment and health. In this paper, a safe and economical bilayer membrane was developed by combining centrifugal spinning and electrospinning techniques. The outer layer, a polystyrene/cellulose acetate (PS/CA) layer embedded with Ag/TiO 2 prepared by centrifugal spinning, provides antibacterial functionality. The inner porous CA layer prepared by electrospinning ensures PM filtration. After optimizing the preparation parameters of the bilayer membrane, its air filtration efficiency can reach 99.26%, the air resistance is 156.9 Pa, and the antibacterial rates against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus are 98.9% and 99.13%, respectively. This bilayer membrane shows significant performance improvements while maintaining safety and economy, and has broad application prospects in the practical purification of indoor environments or personal air.
Experimental Methods: The materials required for the experiment were introduced, including PS, CA, nano - TiO 2, etc. Ag/TiO 2 nanoparticles were prepared by the UV reduction method, Ag/TiO 2/PS/CA composite fibers were prepared by centrifugal spinning, a CA porous fiber membrane was prepared by electrospinning, and then a bilayer membrane was obtained by hot - pressing. Multiple testing methods were used to characterize the morphology, structure, and composition of the fiber membranes. The antibacterial performance was tested by the bacteriostatic ring method and the oscillation method, and the air filtration performance was tested by a filter material comprehensive performance test bench.
Results and Discussion: Characterization methods such as SEM, TEM, and XRD confirmed the successful preparation of Ag/TiO 2 nanoparticles, and the Ag particles were uniformly deposited on the surface of TiO 2. The parameters for preparing the Ag/TiO 2 /PS/CA composite membrane by centrifugal spinning and the CA membrane by electrospinning were optimized, and the optimal conditions were determined. FTIR, EDS, and XPS analyses indicated the successful preparation of the Ag/TiO 2/PS/CA membrane. The bilayer membrane had good mechanical properties, hydrophobicity, and self - cleaning properties. Its pore size distribution was conducive to air filtration. After optimizing the parameters, the membrane had high filtration efficiency, low pressure drop, and excellent antibacterial performance.
A bilayer membrane composed of an outer Ag/TiO 2/PS/CA membrane prepared by centrifugal spinning and an inner CA membrane prepared by electrospinning was successfully fabricated. The structure and physicochemical properties of the membrane were characterized by multiple techniques. Based on the bilayer membrane strategy, this membrane achieved a 99.26% filtration efficiency, a low pressure drop of 156.9 Pa, and a QF value of 0.0312Pa −1. Thanks to the antibacterial properties of Ag/TiO 2 nanoparticles, the antibacterial rates of the bilayer membrane against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus were 98.9% and 99.13%, respectively. This bilayer membrane with high - efficiency filtration, low pressure drop, and excellent antibacterial properties is expected to be a new type of multifunctional membrane material for removing particulate matter and bacteria from the air, and has important value in practical applications.
Electrospinning Nanofibers Article Source:
https://doi.org/10.1080/00405000.2025.2472088
