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The production and consumption of fossil fuels have long been associated with adverse environmental impacts, including the emission of greenhouse gases and other pollutants, which lead to air and water pollution, and global warming. These environmental issues have sparked a global movement to reduce dependence on fossil fuels and accelerate the adoption of clean energy. In particular, as the global economy expands, the increase in energy demand has made it necessary to explore and utilize cleaner alternative energy sources. As a result, scientists around the world have invested a lot of effort in studying methods for the generation and storage of clean energy.
The main point of this paper
Importance of hydrogen energy:
As a clean energy, hydrogen has attracted attention for its application in fuel cells and electrolysis technology.
Green hydrogen, that is, hydrogen produced by electrolysis of water using renewable energy, is considered an important environmentally friendly energy carrier.
Challenges of fuel cell and electrolysis technology:
Current hydrogen fuel cell and electrolysis technologies face challenges in commercialization such as durability, efficiency, power density, hydrogen conversion efficiency and cost-effectiveness.
Electrospinning nanofiber technology:
Electrospinning technology can prepare one-dimensional nanostructures of polymer and ceramic composites in a low-cost and simple way.
A variety of composite materials can be manufactured by adding ceramic or metal nanoparticles to the polymer matrix.
Application of electrospinning in energy technology:
Electrospinning technology has been used in solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC) and polymer exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC).
In solid oxide electrolyzers (SOEC) and polymer electrolysis membrane electrolyzers (PEMEC), there is room for further improvement and research in electrospinning technology.
New Materials and Synthesis Methods:
The research highlights the characteristics of new electrospun materials and new synthesis methods that contribute to performance enhancement and stability.
Performance Enhancement and Stability:
Performance enhancement and stability of electrospun fuel cell and electrolytic cell materials are key areas of research
Energy transformation needs:
Due to the reduction of fossil fuel reserves and environmental impact, it has become urgent to find alternative renewable energy.
The role of hydrogen energy:
As a clean energy carrier, hydrogen provides the possibility of replacing traditional fossil fuels.
Focus of electrospinning technology:
The electrospinning method has attracted attention in improving the hydrogen production efficiency and operating stability of fuel cells and electrolysis cells.
Basic principles:
The basic principles of electrospinning technology, which is a technology used to prepare nanofiber materials, are reviewed in this paper.
Application areas:
The application of electrospinning technology in the preparation of proton exchange membranes (PEMFC/EC) and solid oxide electrolysis/fuel cells (SOFC/EC).
In summary, electrospinning technology has been applied to various fuel cells and electrolytic cells. It is inferred that electrospinning also has a wide range of applications in catalytic materials and membranes. Research on new materials and cell designs for efficient and durable fuel cell and electrolytic cell applications related to the electrospinning process needs to be developed in the following ways.
Development of nanostructured materials: It is crucial to control the nanostructure of materials using electrospun nanofibers to improve the electrical conductivity or ionic conductivity of materials and OER or HER activity. Synthesis and evaluation of various nanostructured materials for OER or HER can improve the performance of electrolyzers, such as achieving high current density operation and improving fuel utilization.
Control of uniform properties of fibers for large-scale manufacturing: In order to achieve the commercialization of electrospun nanofiber electrodes, it is essential to develop a manufacturing process for large-scale production of fibers with uniform properties. It is crucial to develop a process without particle aggregation and it is essential to produce fibers with uniform length or diameter. In addition, precise control of the composition of multi-component oxide-based materials is crucial in process development, because even small changes in the composition can have a critical impact on the performance of fuel cells and electrolytic cells. Quality control is key here and should not be overlooked, as small changes in porosity, pore size can have a significant impact on the overall electrochemical performance of the electrode and/or membrane.
