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Electrospinning originated in the 19th century and has attracted widespread attention in recent years for its ability to produce nanofibers with unique properties and a wide range of applications. This technology involves converting a polymer solution into a nanofibrous membrane through an electrostatic process. When a droplet of a polymer solution is placed in an electrostatic field, it deforms under the influence of the electrostatic force to form a Taylor cone. When the electric field strength increases and overcomes the surface tension of the droplet, the droplet is stretched into a fiber. During this process, the solvent evaporates, allowing the polymer to accumulate on the collector to form a nanofibrous membrane. The importance of electrospinning lies in its versatility and effectiveness, which can produce nanofibers with high surface area to volume ratios, adjustable diameters, and customized properties. These nanofibers exhibit enhanced mechanical, thermal, and chemical properties, which make them suitable for a variety of applications. In the fields of environmental science, medicine, and materials engineering, electrospun nanofibrous membranes have been used for adsorption, antibacterial, filtration, and energy storage. Polymers are important raw materials for electrospinning, but synthetic polymers used for electrospinning are expensive and non-degradable, limiting their widespread application. Therefore, the development of low-cost, natural, and degradable electrospinning polymers has become a hot topic in the current research of electrospinning technology.
The main point of this paper
Utilization of agricultural straw waste:
Agricultural straw waste is large in quantity and widely distributed, and its resource utilization is crucial to environmental protection and resource utilization
Traditional uses of straw:
Straw is mainly used as fuel, fertilizer and feed, but lacks high value-added conversion technology
Chemical composition of straw:
Straw is rich in natural polymers such as cellulose, lignin and hemicellulose, and has good chemical and physical stability and biodegradability
Advantages of electrospinning technology:
Electrospinning technology can prepare nanofiber membranes of polymer and ceramic composites at low cost and simply
Spinnability of straw-derived materials:
By adding ceramic or metal nanoparticles to the polymer matrix, one-dimensional nanostructured tissue materials of various composite materials can be produced
Separation and transformation of straw components:
Research focuses on the separation and transformation of agricultural straw components and the preparation of functional materials, especially the spinnability of cellulose, lignin, hemicellulose and their derivatives
Application of straw-derived nanofiber membranes:
Straw-derived nanofiber membranes are widely used in carbon fibers, environmental adsorption, energy storage, biomedical materials and other fields
Importance of straw resource utilization:
The annual output of agricultural straw waste is huge, especially in major crop production areas, and its resource utilization plays an important role in environmental protection and resource conservation.
Traditional and emerging uses of straw:
Currently, straw is mainly used as fuel, fertilizer and feed, while emerging utilization directions include material applications, such as papermaking, nanocellulose, tableware, packaging containers, etc.
The role of electrospinning technology:
Electrospinning technology can convert cellulose, lignin, hemicellulose and its derivatives in straw into high-value nanofiber materials, which is of great significance to improving the resource utilization of straw.
Separation and conversion of straw components:
The research focuses on how to effectively separate natural polymers in straw and convert them into spinnable materials to prepare electrospinning nanofiber membranes.
Application of straw-derived nanofiber materials:
Straw-derived nanofiber materials are widely used in carbon fiber, environmental adsorption, energy storage, biomedical materials and other fields
Technical challenges and development directions:
The challenges faced by electrospinning technology in straw resource utilization include improving production efficiency, reducing costs, optimizing fiber performance, etc. Future research will focus more on technological innovation and application expansion.
In summary, electrospinning technology has been successfully used to prepare a variety of straw nanofiber membranes, highlighting the great potential of electrospinning technology in improving the utilization value of agricultural straw. These reviews provide various methods for separating straw components, the advantages and disadvantages of the methods, and explore the spinnability of straw-derived natural polymers. The applications of straw-derived electrospun fiber membranes in the fields of carbon fiber, organic dye wastewater adsorption, heavy metal ion adsorption, carbon dioxide capture, energy storage, and medical materials are discussed in detail. Studies have shown that straw-derived natural polymer fiber membranes have excellent surface properties, as well as physical and chemical stability, making them suitable for a variety of applications.
Looking forward, integrating electrospinning technology into practical applications can greatly reduce the environmental pollution and resource waste associated with straw. The next step of research should focus on developing green extraction and pretreatment methods to maximize the performance of the resulting nanofibers. In addition, exploring the scalability of these processes and their economic feasibility is crucial to transition from laboratory-scale innovation to real-world applications. By promoting progress in this field, we can pave the way for a circular economy, reaping the benefits of resource reuse while promoting environmental sustainability, and ultimately achieving a synergistic balance between environmental governance and resource efficiency.
