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Cancer is the second leading cause of death worldwide, after heart disease. In the United States alone, some 1,620 people die of cancer every day, underscoring the significant impact of cancer on public health. This statistic underscores the urgent need for continued research, enhanced prevention strategies and the development of more effective treatments. Cancer has become a serious global health challenge and its burden is increasing every year. The incidence and mortality rates of the disease are steadily on the rise. For example, the number of new cancer cases worldwide has surged from about 14 million in 2010 to 19.3 million in 2020, an increase of 37.8 per cent. Similarly, the number of cancer-related deaths has climbed from 8.2 million in 2010 to 9.9 million in 2020, underscoring the devastating impact of the disease. These figures not only highlight the growing incidence of cancer, but also underscore the urgent need for comprehensive prevention, early detection and effective treatment strategies to address this global health crisis.
Cancer encompasses a wide range of diseases whose major types are of global concern, and an understanding of these cancer types is essential for effective diagnosis, treatment and research efforts to help improve treatment outcomes and reduce the global cancer burden. Comprehensive knowledge and research in these areas can help advance oncology and facilitate the development of better prevention, early detection and personalised treatment strategies.
The main point of this paper
Cancer mortality and high-income countries:
Higher cancer mortality rates in high-income countries may be associated with advanced healthcare infrastructure, more thorough diagnosis and reporting, longer life expectancy, and lifestyle factors such as diet and smoking.
Prospects for Electrospun Nanofbers Drug Delivery Systems:
Electrospun Nanofbers-based drug delivery systems offer a promising approach for controlled and sustained release of drugs.
Challenges in translating Electrospun Nanofbers systems to clinical applications:
A comprehensive understanding of the degradation characteristics and pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) behaviour of Electrospun Nanofbers is required.
Impact of Electrospun Nanofbers degradation on drug release:
The rate and mechanism of degradation of Electrospun Nanofbers have a significant impact on drug release kinetics.
Importance of drug absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion:
Elucidation of the absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of encapsulated drugs is essential for optimising dosage regimens and predicting therapeutic efficacy.
Challenges in cancer treatment:
The number of cancer patients is increasing due to decreased quality of life, and although anti-cancer drugs are numerous, there are side effects and limitations on their use.
Application of polymers in cancer therapy:
Various polymers such as cellulose, chitosan, PVA, PAN, peptides and PHA have good anticancer therapeutic properties.
Advantages of coaxial electrospinning technology:
Nanofibres produced by coaxial electrospinning technology have good mechanical properties, excellent release properties, high surface area, high oxidation resistance etc.
Properties of nanofibres:
Non-toxic, non-hazardous, bio-renewable, bio-friendly, highly degradable and suitable for industrial production.
Design of nanofibres in cancer therapy:
Nanofibres can be designed to target specific cancer cells or tissues and control the kinetics of therapeutic agent release by altering the composition and properties.
Control of therapeutic agent release:
The core-shell structure of coaxial electrospun nanofibres enables sustained release of therapeutic agents over long periods of time.
Improved therapeutic efficacy:
Controlled release properties maintain therapeutic agent concentrations in the tumour microenvironment, improving cancer treatment efficacy while reducing systemic toxicity.
Conventional methods of delivering drugs to the affected area rely on controlled and sustained expulsion of the drug. The utilisation of nanotechnology-based frameworks provides support for clinical science. The specified and sustained drug discharge achieved using these nano-deliverers suggests a promising approach. Nanofibres support drug discharge and are therefore more effective against cancer cells compared to free drug. The choice of drug and polymer is critical in determining the correct mixture for drug delivery. Nanofibres can carry large quantities of various anticancer drugs; naturally derived materials can help in treating cells affected by cancer; and magnetic nanoparticles have also proved their value in mixing with other anticancer drugs. Generally, the delivery of hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs such as curcumin can be controlled with the help of nanofibres. Thus, nanofibres are amazingly effective in protecting humans from cancerous diseases.
