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Sodium alginate (SA) is a natural polymer extracted from seaweed. Due to its unique and excellent structure and chemical properties, it has a wide range of applications in the industrial field, including the preparation of new materials in pharmaceutical preparations, biomedical fields, food fields, cosmetic fields and environmental fields. The natural reserves of SA are very abundant, and natural polymers are preferred over synthetic polymers because they have good biocompatibility and natural degradability, and are considered to be sustainable and promising alternatives to petroleum-derived polymers.
With the development of nanotechnology, the preparation of nanostructured SA materials has been intensively studied and great progress has been made.
The main point of this paper
Electrospinning & Alginate:
From 2004 to 2024, the number of literature on "electrospinning & alginate" increased year by year, indicating that electrospinning to prepare sodium alginate nanofibers (SANFs) has become a research hotspot.
As a cutting-edge, convenient, economical and commonly used method for preparing nanofibers, electrospinning technology has been used by researchers to deeply explore the application of alginate-based nanofibers in biomedical fields such as tissue engineering, regenerative engineering, bioscaffolds, drugs and gene delivery in the past few decades.
The sodium alginate nanofiber (SANF) membrane prepared by electrospinning has excellent properties such as high specific surface area, high drug loading capacity, controllable drug delivery and low drug side effects.
The nanomaterials converted by electrospun alginate nanofibers (EANFs) have unique properties such as the balance between degradation rate and swelling index, which greatly promotes the development of a new generation of scaffolds, drug delivery systems and regenerative biomaterials.
Electrospinning & Alginate and Drug Delivery:
Although the number of papers with the theme of "Electrospinning & Alginate & Drug Delivery" is relatively small, it is also on the rise, indicating that the development prospects of electrospinning nanofibers in the field of drug delivery are also very bright.
Electrospinning nanofibers are considered to be one of the most promising nanotechnologies that can overcome the challenges and shortcomings of current modern drug delivery systems and achieve ideal release patterns.
Electrospun alginate nanofiber systems provide an excellent platform for drug delivery and controlled release. Electrospun alginate drug delivery systems or electrospun alginate composite drug delivery systems achieve a variety of release modes, such as pulsed release, slow release, biphasic release, stimulus-responsive release, and targeted release.
Development of alginate electrospinning technology:
Alginate, as a natural polymer with good biocompatibility, has attracted much attention due to its sustainability and potential to replace petroleum derivatives
The development of electrospinning technology has enabled synthetic polymers such as PEO and PVA to be used as co-spinning agents to improve the spinnability of alginate
Multi-fluid electrospinning technology has prepared a variety of novel structures such as coaxial, parallel binary stars, and ternary stars, providing a new way to improve the spinning performance of natural polymers
Application of alginate electrospinning in drug delivery:
Alginate electrospun nanofibers are widely used in tissue engineering, regenerative engineering, bioscaffolds, drug delivery and other fields due to their excellent properties such as high specific surface area, high drug loading capacity, controllable drug delivery and low drug side effects
The nanomaterials converted from electrospun alginate nanofibers (EANFs) have a balance between degradation rate and swelling index, which promotes new Development of first-generation scaffolds, drug delivery systems and regenerative biomaterials
Advantages of alginate electrospinning technology in controlled drug delivery:
Electrospinning technology can achieve a variety of drug release modes, such as pulsed release, sustained release, biphasic release, responsive release and targeted release
Alginate-based nanofibers prepared by electrospinning technology show great potential in achieving controlled drug release, especially in the fields of tumor chemotherapy, wound dressings and tissue engineering scaffolds
Research progress of alginate electrospinning technology:
In recent years, the research progress of alginate electrospinning technology has mainly focused on the preparation of composite nanofibers and their application in medical fields such as trauma dressings, tissue engineering scaffolds, and drug release systems
Studies have shown that alginate-based electrospinning nanofibers, after being immersed in phosphate buffered saline, first release in an explosive manner and then in a controlled manner, showing good drug controlled release characteristics
The strong combination of sodium alginate (SA) and electrospinning not only brings out the biocompatibility, gelation and hygroscopicity of sodium alginate, but also combines the advantages of simple electrospinning preparation, diverse structures, high specific surface area of nanofiber membranes, high porosity, good mechanical properties, and controllable drug loading. Electrospun alginate nanofibers have broad application prospects in biomedical fields such as tissue engineering, regenerative engineering, bioscaffolds, and drug delivery. Although pure SA is not spinnable and it is impossible to prepare nanofibers containing a large amount of SA, the addition of synthetic polymers such as PEO and PVA as spinning aids and the modification of SA greatly improve the spinnability of SA. On the other hand, the non-single-flow preparation of different new electrospun fiber structures, such as coaxial, juxtaposed Janus and tertiary, also promotes the fiber-forming properties of non-electrospinnable natural polymers.
The electrospun alginate nanofiber system provides a special platform for drug delivery and controlled release. The electrospun alginate drug delivery system or electrospun alginate composite drug delivery system can achieve multiple release modes such as pulsatile release, sustained release, biphasic release, stimulus-responsive release, and targeted release. The loaded drugs are mostly antibiotics. In order to avoid the abuse hazards of antibiotics and reduce drug resistance, the loading of non-thiomimetic drugs and Chinese medicine extracts has gradually developed. More importantly, the EANF system can load and ensure the biological activity of proteins, nucleic acids, peptides, and targeted drugs. In addition, they can also load donors for indirect delivery of gas signal molecules. In particular, coaxial structure electrospinning improves bioavailability and does not hinder the expression of micRNA or signal factors loaded by nanofibers. In particular, the drug delivery system with SA located in the outer layer plays a vital role in reducing the erosion of the non-release environment on the delivered substance. The EANF system has good non-toxicity and biocompatibility. In summary, the EANF system provides a good carrier platform for active drug delivery and controlled release.
