Electrospinning Device: Fishnet-inspired 3D scaffolds made of mesh electrospun membranes promote osteoporotic bone regeneration

Background

Inspired by the multilayer fishing net structure, the research team combined template-assisted electrospinning and advanced three-dimensional (3D) printing technology to develop a new type of 3D nanofiber scaffold. This scaffold exhibits a hierarchical porous structure, maintains the high specific surface area and extracellular matrix-like structure of the nanofiber membrane, and promotes cell infiltration.

Biocompatibility and bone regeneration ability of the scaffold

The polycaprolactone/silk fibroin nanofiber scaffold prepared by electrospinning technology is enriched with strontium-hydroxyapatite (Sr-HAp), which plays a key role in promoting angiogenesis, enhancing osteoblast differentiation and inhibiting osteoclast differentiation. In the osteoporotic skull defect model, the scaffold showed nearly 100% repair ability within 8 weeks, and there was obvious new bone formation in the entire implantation area.

Mechanical properties of electrospun nanofibers

The improved electrospun three-dimensional nanofiber scaffold, prepared by combining electrospinning and electrostatic spraying technology, has a better three-dimensional structure and significantly improved mechanical properties and biocompatibility, and cells are more likely to infiltrate the inside.

Biomineralization and fibroin coating of electrospun nanofibers

Three-dimensional (3D) polycaprolactone nanofibrous scaffolds modified by biomineralization and fibroin coating were developed, with parallel arrays of nanofiber surfaces, mimicking the parallel structure of fibrils in native bone tissue. Large channels interconnected radially or laterally were used to elucidate the effects of scaffold architecture on bone regeneration.

Versatility of electrospun nanofibers

By combining silk fibroin (SF) with synthetic and/or natural polymers, electrospun materials with excellent biological, chemical, electrical, physical, mechanical, and optical properties can be obtained to meet the evolving biomedical needs.

Application of electrospinning technology in bone repair

Nanofibrous scaffolds fabricated by electrospinning technology have been developed as a versatile approach for bone regeneration due to their suitable properties. However, conventional two-dimensional (2D) nanofibrous mats are usually too dense, which may prevent cell infiltration and growth, thus limiting their application. Three-dimensional (3D) polycaprolactone nanofibrous scaffolds were developed, modified by biomineralization and fibroin coating, showing a stronger ability to promote cell proliferation.

Summary

In summary, electrospinning technology shows great potential in the treatment of osteoporotic bone defects. By preparing 3D nanofiber scaffolds with high specific surface area and extracellular matrix-like structure, it not only promotes cell infiltration and bone regeneration, but also improves the mechanical properties and biocompatibility of the scaffold. These studies provide new ideas and methods for the treatment of osteoporotic bone defects.

Electrospinning Nanofibers Article Source:

https://doi. 10.1039/d3bm01488f