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Regenerated silk fibroin (RSF) has attracted extensive attention in the fields of biomedicine due to its excellent biocompatibility, processability and chemical modification. RSF can be processed by different dissolution methods to form various forms such as films, sponges, microspheres, gels, nanofibers, etc. These methods have a significant impact on the molecular weight distribution and structure of RSF, which in turn affects its subsequent processing and application.
Electrospinning technology can prepare fiber materials with diameters ranging from nanometers to micrometers, with high specific surface area and porosity. These characteristics make it potentially applicable in simulating the fiber structure of neural tissue and providing guidance for the migration of nerve cells and axon growth. This is particularly important for the treatment of neurological trauma such as TBI, because they can be used as scaffolds for neural tissue engineering to promote the growth and differentiation of nerve cells.
The mechanical properties of regenerated natural silk protein largely depend on the secondary structure of silk protein, i.e., conformation. Solvents and metal ions are two important external factors that induce the molecular conformational transformation of silk protein. This conformational transition is critical to the performance of silk fibroin-based materials prepared by electrospinning technology, as it can affect the mechanical properties and biocompatibility of the materials.
Self-assembly technology can generate complex hierarchical materials that exhibit unique mechanical, chemical and transport properties. Electrospinning technology can be combined with self-assembly to prepare biomaterials with specific functions by controlling the orderly arrangement of structures from nano to macro scales.
Directed deformation assembly technology overcomes the limitations of traditional biomimetic material preparation conditions and processing methods, and achieves sophisticated biomimetic structure design through a simple and scalable method. This technology can be applied to bio-based polymers such as silk fibroin, where small particles are arranged in it by pressure to form a microstructure similar to a brick wall, thereby obtaining excellent mechanical properties.
In their research, Professor Zhang Yaopeng and Associate Professor Yao Xiang of Donghua University mentioned that wild silk fibroin-based biomaterials have unique molecular structures, such as arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (RGD) sequences, which help cell adhesion and proliferation. These materials can be prepared into nanofibers through electrospinning technology, and then construct hierarchical materials with specific structures and functions.
In summary, the combination of electrospinning technology and regenerated silk fibroin provides new possibilities for constructing hierarchical structures with multi-scale morphology, which shows great potential in neurotrauma treatment, tissue engineering and other biomedical applications. By precisely controlling the molecular conformation of silk fibroin and the arrangement of nanofibers, biomaterials with excellent properties can be prepared to meet specific clinical needs.
Electrospinning Nanofibers Article Source:
https://doi.org/10.1038/nnano.2017.4
