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Design of a three-layer wedge-shaped silk fibroin meniscus scaffold system: The team designed a three-layer wedge-shaped silk fibroin meniscus scaffold system. The top two layers were made by salt immersion, and the bottom third layer was prepared by freeze-drying. Human fibroblasts (outside) and chondrocytes (inside) were implanted to generate meniscus-like tissue in vitro in a spatial separation pattern similar to natural tissue.
Evaluation of cell proliferation and attachment: By evaluating the proliferation and attachment of fibroblasts and chondrocytes in a single silk fibroin meniscus scaffold layer, it was found that after 28 days, the cells had filled the gaps and spread actin, and the cells in each layer of the meniscus scaffold were evenly distributed and merged, and the number of cells increased significantly.
Results of histological and biochemical analysis: Histological sections of the meniscus scaffold layer showed that glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and collagen accumulated over time, and cells attached and distributed within each scaffold pore/layer, indicating good growth and proliferation. Immunocytochemical staining showed that collagen I and II were deposited and evenly distributed within the scaffold layer, completely filling the scaffold pores. Biochemical analysis showed that there was a mature chondrocyte phenotype in the scaffold layer, and both collagen and GAGs increased over time. Chondrocyte cells reached the maximum GAG production within the first 2 weeks, and the number was constant thereafter.
Comparison of mechanical properties: The silk meniscus layer had a higher compression modulus compared to the reported axial (83.4 kPa) and radial (76.1 kPa) compression moduli of the natural human medial meniscus. Compared with the anterior (1,048 kPa) and posterior (329 kPa) modulus values of the natural human meniscus, the values of the top two layers of the silk scaffold were about 1/3, and the bottom layer was about 1/6.
Preparation of nanofiber structure: Electrospinning equipment can prepare nanofibers with specific structures and properties, which can be used to construct the basic structure of meniscus scaffolds, making them have better mechanical properties and biocompatibility. For example, nanofibers prepared by electrospinning technology can be evenly dispersed in the scaffold to enhance the overall performance of the material.
Regulating the microstructure of the scaffold: By adjusting the parameters such as spinning solution concentration, viscosity, and electric field strength during the electrospinning process, the diameter and morphology of the nanofibers can be precisely controlled. This allows the pore structure and pore size of the meniscus scaffold to be precisely regulated, thereby better meeting the needs of meniscus regeneration. For example, a nanofiber network with appropriate porosity and uniform pore size can be prepared to provide a good microenvironment for cell adhesion, growth, and tissue remodeling.
Loading bioactive substances: Electrospinning equipment can prepare nanofiber scaffolds loaded with bioactive molecules. For example, growth factors and drugs that promote cell growth and differentiation are loaded into nanofibers, and the release rate is controlled to achieve the continuous effect of bioactive substances in the meniscus regeneration site. This can not only enhance the biological function of the meniscus scaffold, but also further improve its effect in meniscus regeneration.
Electrospinning equipment has important application prospects in the study of meniscus transplants. It can prepare scaffolds with structures and mechanical properties close to those of natural menisci, promoting cell growth and tissue regeneration. Future research can further optimize material selection and spinning process parameters, improve the biocompatibility and mechanical properties of scaffolds, and promote their clinical application.
Electrospinning Nanofibers Article Source:
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biomaterials.2010.08.115
