Electrospinning Academic News

Lipase-Responsive Electrospun Theranostic Wound Dressing for Simultaneous Recognition and Treatment of Wound Infection 2021-03-19

Simultaneous monitoring and treatment of wound infection is of great importance in the biomedical field. The present work describes the development of a theranostic wound dressing (TH-WD) that can monitor and inhibit wound infection simultaneously. The main component of TH-WD is a polyurethane (PU) scaffold loaded with a ciprofloxacin-based prodrug (Pro-Cip) and a chromogenic probe (H-Cy). In vitro studies demonstrated that TH-WD displayed efficient inactivation (100 ± 4% reduction) of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853) within 4 h of contact while providing a visual detection of wound infection via a simple color change from yellow to green to red. These results are attributed to the activation of H-Cy and Pro-Cip via hydrolysis of their ester linkages catalyzed by lipase, an extracellular enzyme secreted by bacteria. Moreover, TH-WD is highly selective as it only changes color and releases the active drug (ciprofloxacin) in the presence of certain lipase-secreting pathogenic bacteria

Thermosensitive nanofibers loaded with ciprofloxacin as antibacterial wound dressing materials 2021-03-19

To obtain wound dressings which could be removed easily without secondary injuries, we prepared thermoresponsive electrospun fiber mats containing poly(di(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate) (PDEGMA). Blend fibers of PDEGMA and poly(l-lactic acid-co-ε-caprolactone) (P(LLA-CL) were fabricated via electrospinning, and analogous fibers containing the antibiotic ciprofloxacin (CIF) were also prepared. Smooth cylindrical fibers were obtained, albeit with a small amount of beading visible for the ciprofloxacin-loaded fibers. X-ray diffraction showed the drug to exist in the amorphous physical form post-electrospinning. The composite fibers showed distinct thermosensitive properties and gave sustained release of CIF over more than 160 h in vitro. The fibers could promote the proliferation of fibroblasts, and by varying the temperature cells could easily be attached to and detached from the fibers. Antibacterial tests demonstrated that fibers loaded with ciprofloxacin were effective in

Electrospun nanofibrous CMC/PEO as a part of an effective pain-relieving wound dressing 2021-03-19

A novel two-layered pain-relieving wound dressing was prepared from a combination of biocompatible polymers: carboxymethylcellulose and polyethyleneoxide, and two types of pain-relieving drugs: the non-steroid anti-inflammatory diclofenac and the local anesthetic lidocaine. To achieve the two-layered structure, electrospinning and impregnation of a commercially available wound dressing Aquacel® were used for preparation of respective layers. The electrospun nanofibers have been shown to possess similar features as found in the extracellular matrix, an important component of the skin. This characteristic could significantly contribute to the efficiency of wound healing. The second layer is based on Aquacel®, an important wound dressing in modern wound care. Since pain can drastically lower the wound healing process, as well as it is known to decrease the overall quality of patient life, pain-relieving drugs are very interesting for wound care applications. For efficient pain reduction,

Composite chitosan/poly(ethylene oxide) electrospun nanofibrous mats as novel wound dressing matrixes for the controlled release of drugs 2021-03-19

The aim of this study was to develop novel biomedical electrospun nanofiber mats for controlled drug release, in particular to release a drug directly to an injury site to accelerate wound healing. Here, nanofibers of chitosan (CS), poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO), and a 90 : 10 composite blend, loaded with a fluoroquinolone antibiotic, such as ciprofloxacin hydrochloride (CipHCl) or moxifloxacin hydrochloride (Moxi), were successfully prepared by an electrospinning technique. The morphology of the electrospun nanofibers was investigated by scanning electron microscopy. The functional groups of the electrospun nanofibers before and after crosslinking were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. X‐ray diffraction results indicated an amorphous distribution of the drug inside the nanofiber blend. In vitro drug‐release evaluations showed that the crosslinking could control the rate and period of drug release in wound‐healing applications. The inhibition of bacterial growth fo

The use of electrospun curcumin-loaded poly(L-lactic acid) fiber mats as wound dressing materials 2021-03-19

Electrospun poly(l-lactic acid) (PLLA) fiber mats containing curcumin were prepared by electrospinning. Varying amounts of as-loaded curcumin at 0.2, 0.5, and 1.0% w/w (based on the weight of PLLA) were added in the PLLA solution. Results showed that the obtained fibers were smooth with no surface aggregates, indicating complete incorporation of curcumin. Average diameter of the fibers ranged between ~333 and ~386 nm. Water retention and weight loss of neat and curcumin-loaded PLLA fiber mats in phosphate buffer solution containing Tween 80 and methanol were not significantly different with increasing submersion time. Released amount of curcumin from curcumin-loaded PLLA fiber mats increased with higher loadings of curcumin. Antioxidant activity of the as-released curcumin from the fiber mats ranged between ~18% and ~53%. The materials were non-toxic to human adult dermal fibroblast (HDFa) cells and supported cell attachment and proliferation. These materials showed potential for wound

Electrospun Bioactive Wound Dressing Containing Colloidal Dispersions of Birch Bark Dry Extract 2021-03-19

Novel birch bark dry extract (TE)-loaded polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) fiber mats intended for wound therapy were developed through an electrospinning process. Colloidal dispersions containing TE as the active substance were prepared by the high-pressure homogenization (HPH) technique using hydrogenated phospholipids as stabilizer. Subsequently, the colloidal dispersions were blended with aqueous PVA solutions in the ratio of 60:40 (wt.%) and electrospun to form the nanofiber mats. Fiber morphology examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) indicated that fibers were uniform and achieved diameters in the size range of 300–1586 nm. Confocal Raman spectral imaging gave good evidence that triterpenes were encapsulated within the electrospun mats. In vitro drug release and ex vivo permeation studies indicated that the electrospun nanofibers showed a sustained release of betulin, the main component of birch bark dry extract, making the examined dressings highly applicable for several wound

Electrospun asymmetric membranes for wound dressing applications 2021-03-19

To accomplish a rapid wound healing it is necessary to develop an asymmetric membrane with interconnected pores consisting of a top layer that prevents rapid dehydration of the wound and bacteria penetration and a sub-layer with high absorption capacity and bactericidal properties. Polycaprolactone (PCL)/polyvinyl acetate (PVAc) asymmetric membranes loaded with the bactericidal monoterpene carvacrol (CRV) were synthesized and characterized by scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Mechanical properties in dry and wet conditions and fluid handling behavior were also assessed. In addition, biological studies regarding their bactericidal effects, cytocompatibility and wound closure properties were also developed. Loading efficiencies of 40–50% were achieved in the prepared samples and 85–100% of the loaded CRV was released in simulated wound pH evolution medium. The significant inhibition of Gram negative (Escherichia coli S17) and Gram positive (Staphyl

Novel bilayer wound dressing based on electrospun gelatin/keratin nanofibrous mats for skin wound repair 2021-03-19

A bilayer membrane (GKU) with a commercial polyurethane wound dressing as an outer layer and electrospun gelatin/keratin nanofibrous mat as an inner layer was fabricated as a novel wound dressing. Scanning electron micrographs showed that gelatin/keratin nanofibers had a uniform morphology and bead-free structure with average fiber diameter of 160.4 nm. 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay using L929 fibroblast cells indicated that the residues released from the gelatin/keratin composite nanofibrous mat accelerated cell proliferation. Cell attachment experiments revealed that adhered cells spread better and migrated deeper into the gelatin/keratin nanofibrous mat than that into the gelatin nanofibrous mat. In animal studies, compared with the bilayer membrane without keratin, gauze and commercial wound dressing, Comfeel®, GKU membrane gave much more number of blood vessels and a greater reduction in wound area at 4 days, and better wound repair at 14 days wit

Wound dressing based on electrospun PVA/chitosan/starch nanofibrous mats: Fabrication, antibacterial and cytocompatibility evaluation and in vitro healing assay 2021-03-19

Electrospun nanofibrous mats based on biopolymers have been widely investigated for tissue engineering in recent years, primarily due to remarkable morphological similarity to the natural extracellular matrix (ECM). In this research, electrospun PVA/Chitosan/Starch nanofibrous mats were fabricated using electrospinning method for wound dressing application. The prepared nanofibrous mats were then cross-linked to enhanced the water resistance and also optimize the biodegradation rate followed by characterization and evaluation of their properties as wound dressings. The morphological studies performed by SEM and AFM showed that uniform bead-free electrospun nanofibrous mats were formed. The structural properties of the fabricated mats were characterized by FTIR. The proper porosity and balanced water absorption and water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) of obtained dressings, demonstrate their ability in providing suitable moist environment for wound, result in the appropriate wound breat

Wound-dressing materials with antibacterial activity from electrospun polyurethane–dextran nanofiber mats containing ciprofloxacin HCl 2021-03-19

Dextran is a versatile biomacromolecule for preparing electrospun nanofibrous membranes by blending with either water-soluble bioactive agents or hydrophobic biodegradable polymers for biomedical applications. In this study, an antibacterial electrospun scaffold was prepared by electrospinning of a solution composed of dextran, polyurethane (PU) and ciprofloxacin HCl (CipHCl) drug. The obtained nanofiber mats have good morphology. The mats were characterized by various analytical techniques. The interaction parameters between fibroblasts and the PU–dextran and PU–dextran–drug scaffolds such as viability, proliferation, and attachment were investigated. The results indicated that the cells interacted favorably with the scaffolds especially the drug-containing one. Moreover, the composite mat showed good bactericidal activity against both of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Overall, our results conclude that the introduced scaffold might be an ideal biomaterial for wound dressin

Nanofibrous wound dressing material by electrospinning method 2021-03-19

Wound dressings are very useful materials for accelerating the wound healing process. In this study, nanofibrous wound dressings were produced from blending solution of Poly-lactic acid(PLA)/Chitosan(C)/Starch(S)/Zinc oxide(Z) by electrospinning method. Morphology, chemical interaction, mechanical, water uptake and weight loss tests were performed on each samples. Moreover, the biocompatibility of primary dermal fibroblast (ATCC, PCS-201-012) on prepared wound dressings was investigated with MTT assays in vitro, and the samples were found suitable for cell viability and proliferation. These results suggest that produced nanofibrous wound dressings can be promising candidate for wound dressing applications.

Effect of addition of methanol on rheological properties of silk formic acid solution 2021-03-19

Recently, many studies have been undertaken on the wet spinning and electrospinning of silk because wet-spun fibers and electrospun webs of silk can be applied in the biomedical and cosmetic fields owing to the good biocompatibility of silk. The rheological properties of silk solution are important because they strongly affect the spinning performance of the silk solution and the structures of resultant fibrous materials. Therefore, as a preliminary study on the effect of solvent composition on the rheological properties of silk fibroin (SF) solution and structure of the resultant film, in the reported work, methanol was added to the SF formic acid solution. A small amount of methanol (i.e. 2%) added to the SF formic acid solution significantly altered the rheological properties of the solution: its shear viscosity increased by 10 folds at low shear and decreased on increasing the shear rate, demonstrating shear thinning behavior of the SF solution. Dynamic tests for the SF solution in

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