Electrospinning Machine Resources

Preparation of drug delivery system by hybrid electrospinning 2021-03-20

To prepare temperature and pH dual-responsive drug delivery systems, the thermosensitive polymer poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm) was first synthesized by free-radical polymerization. It was then co-dissolved with the pH-sensitive polymer Eudragit® L100-55 (EL100-55) and processed into fibers using electrospinning. Ketoprofen (KET), a model drug, was also incorporated into the composite fibers, and fibers based on a single polymer additionally prepared. The fibers had smooth cylindrical morphologies, and no obvious phase separation could be seen. Using X-ray diffraction, KET was determined to be present in the amorphous state in the fiber matrix. FTIR spectroscopy also indicated the successful incorporation of amorphous KET in the fibers. In vitro drug release studies in media at different pH (4.5 or 7.4) or temperature (25 and 37 °C) showed that the release of KET from the blend PNIPAAm/EL100-55 fibers was dependent both on environmental temperature and pH, reflecting the dual-re

Effect of apatite formation of biphasic calcium phosphate ceramic (BCP) on osteoblastogenesis using simulated body fluid (SBF) with or without bovine serum albumin (BSA) 2021-03-20

Although biphasic calcium phosphate ceramic (BCP) holds promise in therapy of bone defect, surface mineralization prior to implantation may improve the bioactivity to better integrate with the host. Immersion in simulated body fluid (SBF) and bovine serum albumin-simulated body fluid (BSA-SBF) are common methods to form apatite interface layer. This study was intended to investigate the effect of SBF and BSA-SBF treatment on the bioactivity of BCP in vitro. In this study, osteoblasts were grown on BCP with or without treatment of SBF or BSA-SBF, and detected with general observation, scanning electron microscope (SEM), cell proliferation assay, morphology observation, viability assay, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity assay, and osteogenic specific gene expression of alkaline phosphatase (ALPL), bone gamma-carboxyglutamate (gla) protein (BGLAP), bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2), bone sialoprotein (BSP), type I collagen (COLI) and runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) after c

Dual temperature and pH responsive nanofiber formulations prepared by electrospinning 2021-03-20

We report a dual-responsive drug delivery system prepared by electrospinning. Blend fibers of poly(N-vinylcaprolactam) (PNVCL) and ethyl cellulose (EC) were first prepared, with the aim of developing thermoresponsive sustained release formulations. Eudragit L100-based fibers were then generated to yield pH-sensitive materials. Attempts to produce three-polymer fibers of EC, PNVCL and Eudragit were unsuccessful, and therefore hybrid mats containing two fiber populations (one made of PNVCL/EC, one comprising Eudragit) were instead fabricated by twin-jet electrospinning. Analogous drug-loaded versions of all the formulations were also prepared containing ketoprofen (KET). The fibers were largely smooth and homogeneous, and the addition of KET did not affect their morphology. The PNVCL-containing fiber mats changed from being hydrophilic to hydrophobic when the temperature was increased through the lower critical solution temperature of 33 °C. In vitro drug release profiles showed that the

Lysozyme/collagen multilayers layer-by-layer deposited nanofibers with enhanced biocompatibility and antibacterial activity 2021-03-20

Biological meshes have always posed a challenge in biological medicine, for which nanocomposites with enhanced biocompatibility and antibacterial activity may be beneficial. In this study, lysozyme (LY) and collagen (Col) were alternately deposited on silk fibroin (SF) and nylon 6 (N6) composite nanofibrous mats using a layer-by-layer (LBL) self-assembly technique. The mechanical properties, biocompatibility, and antibacterial activity of the LBL structured mats were characterized systematically to investigate the impact of the LBL process on the biological properties of SF/N6 nanofibrous mats. Our results showed that the effective deposition of LY and Col may affect the surface topography, mechanical properties, and wetting behavior of the SF/N6 nanofibrous mats. Moreover, LBL structured mats exhibited excellent biocompatibility and antibacterial properties. Among all the tested mats, those coated with 10 bilayers of LY and Col displayed the best biocompatibility, and relatively good

A critical review on the electrospun nanofibrous membranes for the adsorption of heavy metals in water treatment 2021-03-20

Electrospun nanofibrous membranes (ENFMs) have many superior advantages, such as large specific surface area, high porosity, easy modification, good flexibility, and easy separation for recycling, which are consider as excellent adsorbents. In this paper, the research progress in the adsorption of heavy metals in water treatment by ENFMs is reviewed. Three types of ENFMs, including organic polymer ENFMs, organic polymer/inorganic material composite ENFMs and inorganic ENFMs are summarized, and their adsorption capacities for heavy metals in water are compared. The adsorption selectivity and capacity of ENFMs for heavy metals are depended largely on the type and number of functional groups on the surface of membranes, and usually the more the functional groups, the higher the adsorption capacity. The adsorption mechanisms of ENFMs are also mainly determined by the type of functional groups on the membrane. At present, the main challenge is to achieve the mass production of high-quality

Recent development of electrospun wound dressing 2021-03-19

The wound dressings prepared by electrospinning technology are particularly prominent. These dressings have a high surface area and porosity and can also be loaded with drugs that are beneficial to wound healing in different ways to meet the treatment needs. This review introduces classification of electrospun wound dressings, followed by focusing on the analysis of some polymer materials commonly used in electrospinning. In addition, we summarize several techniques for preparing electrospun wound dressings. Finally, we analyze the recent research progress and provide the perspective to develop wound dressings in the future.

Zein nanoparticle‐embedded electrospun PVA nanofibers as wound dressing for topical delivery of anti‐inflammatory diclofenac 2021-03-19

Bioactive wound dressings from poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and zein nanoparticles (NPs) loaded with diclofenac (DLF) were prepared successfully by the single jet electrospinning method. DLF‐loaded zein NPs with an average diameter of ∼228 nm were prepared using anti‐solvent precipitation method. The formulation of zein:DLF 1:1 exhibited optimum encapsulation efficiency of 47.80%. The NPs were characterized by dynamic light scattering, zeta‐potential measurement, and differential scanning calorimetry. In vitro, drug release profiles of the DLF‐loaded zein NPs, and PVA–zein NPs were also studied within 120 h and showed the release efficiency of nearly 80% from zein NPs. A more controlled release of DLF was achieved by embedding the zein NPs in the PVA nanofibers. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was used to analyze possible interactions between different components of the fabricated dressings. The mechanical properties of the developed dressings were also evaluated using uniaxial te

Electrospinning of natural polymers for the production of nanofibres for wound healing applications 2021-03-19

Wound healing is a highly regulated process composed of four overlapping phases: (1) coagulation/haemostasis, (2) inflammation, (3) proliferation and (4) remodelling. Comorbidities such as advanced age, diabetes and obesity can impair natural tissue repair, rendering the wound in a pathological state of inflammation. This results in significant discomfort for patients and considerable financial costs for healthcare systems. Due to the complex nature of wound healing, current treatments are ineffective at dealing with delayed healing. With flexible properties that can be tailored, nanomaterials have emerged as alternative therapeutics for many biomedical applications. A nanofibrous network can be made via electrospinning polymers using a high electric field to create a responsive meshwork that can be used as a medical dressing. A nanofibrous device has properties that can overcome the limitations of traditional dressings, such as: (1) adaptability to wound contour; (2) controlled drug d

Lipase-Responsive Electrospun Theranostic Wound Dressing for Simultaneous Recognition and Treatment of Wound Infection 2021-03-19

Simultaneous monitoring and treatment of wound infection is of great importance in the biomedical field. The present work describes the development of a theranostic wound dressing (TH-WD) that can monitor and inhibit wound infection simultaneously. The main component of TH-WD is a polyurethane (PU) scaffold loaded with a ciprofloxacin-based prodrug (Pro-Cip) and a chromogenic probe (H-Cy). In vitro studies demonstrated that TH-WD displayed efficient inactivation (100 ± 4% reduction) of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853) within 4 h of contact while providing a visual detection of wound infection via a simple color change from yellow to green to red. These results are attributed to the activation of H-Cy and Pro-Cip via hydrolysis of their ester linkages catalyzed by lipase, an extracellular enzyme secreted by bacteria. Moreover, TH-WD is highly selective as it only changes color and releases the active drug (ciprofloxacin) in the presence of certain lipase-secreting pathogenic bacteria

Thermosensitive nanofibers loaded with ciprofloxacin as antibacterial wound dressing materials 2021-03-19

To obtain wound dressings which could be removed easily without secondary injuries, we prepared thermoresponsive electrospun fiber mats containing poly(di(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate) (PDEGMA). Blend fibers of PDEGMA and poly(l-lactic acid-co-ε-caprolactone) (P(LLA-CL) were fabricated via electrospinning, and analogous fibers containing the antibiotic ciprofloxacin (CIF) were also prepared. Smooth cylindrical fibers were obtained, albeit with a small amount of beading visible for the ciprofloxacin-loaded fibers. X-ray diffraction showed the drug to exist in the amorphous physical form post-electrospinning. The composite fibers showed distinct thermosensitive properties and gave sustained release of CIF over more than 160 h in vitro. The fibers could promote the proliferation of fibroblasts, and by varying the temperature cells could easily be attached to and detached from the fibers. Antibacterial tests demonstrated that fibers loaded with ciprofloxacin were effective in

Electrospun nanofibrous CMC/PEO as a part of an effective pain-relieving wound dressing 2021-03-19

A novel two-layered pain-relieving wound dressing was prepared from a combination of biocompatible polymers: carboxymethylcellulose and polyethyleneoxide, and two types of pain-relieving drugs: the non-steroid anti-inflammatory diclofenac and the local anesthetic lidocaine. To achieve the two-layered structure, electrospinning and impregnation of a commercially available wound dressing Aquacel® were used for preparation of respective layers. The electrospun nanofibers have been shown to possess similar features as found in the extracellular matrix, an important component of the skin. This characteristic could significantly contribute to the efficiency of wound healing. The second layer is based on Aquacel®, an important wound dressing in modern wound care. Since pain can drastically lower the wound healing process, as well as it is known to decrease the overall quality of patient life, pain-relieving drugs are very interesting for wound care applications. For efficient pain reduction,

Composite chitosan/poly(ethylene oxide) electrospun nanofibrous mats as novel wound dressing matrixes for the controlled release of drugs 2021-03-19

The aim of this study was to develop novel biomedical electrospun nanofiber mats for controlled drug release, in particular to release a drug directly to an injury site to accelerate wound healing. Here, nanofibers of chitosan (CS), poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO), and a 90 : 10 composite blend, loaded with a fluoroquinolone antibiotic, such as ciprofloxacin hydrochloride (CipHCl) or moxifloxacin hydrochloride (Moxi), were successfully prepared by an electrospinning technique. The morphology of the electrospun nanofibers was investigated by scanning electron microscopy. The functional groups of the electrospun nanofibers before and after crosslinking were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. X‐ray diffraction results indicated an amorphous distribution of the drug inside the nanofiber blend. In vitro drug‐release evaluations showed that the crosslinking could control the rate and period of drug release in wound‐healing applications. The inhibition of bacterial growth fo

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